Why Marriages Fail Essay Example for Free

Why Marriages Fail Essay God designed oneness for marriage. He created only one Eve for Adam. Thus what is said in Genesis 2:24 is reiterated by Jesus when the Scribes and Pharisees confront him about the issue of divorce, For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. So they are no longer two, but one. Therefore what God has joined together, let no man put asunder (Matt. 19:5-6). God never intended that spouses should separate except through death. This is clearly stated in the marriage vows taken by the couple on their marriage day. â€Å"I watched my girl friend’s mother get married for the fifth time. I thought, she has said those vows to four men earlier. † S. Robert. These vows are not to be taken lightly and couples should do all in their power to salvage their marriage, for a marriage is never beyond repair. It is a wrong concept that couples fall out of love. Such a thing does not exist, for if you love someone, you will always love them. If you are certain that you no longer love your spouse, then it is clear that you never loved them in the first place. It must have infatuation, or probably you were swept off your feet by romance but never really knowing and understanding your spouse enough to love them. Then why do marriages fail? One of the main reasons is the negative pattern in a relationship. Each negative comment increases the level of anger and frustration, and soon a small disagreement blows up into a major fight with threats to end the relationship. Over time those angry words damage oneness as they are hard to take back and they drive a knife into the partners heart. Proverbs 12:18 says, Reckless words pierce like a sword. Marriages fail also because of poor communication skills, lack of commitment, failure to nurture love in its various forms, lack of spiritual unity or direction, lack of ability to cope with the changes in life and the inability to deal with skeletons of the past. Besides this negative interpretations can damage a relationship. A wife who doesn’t find her husband very eager to visit her parents may be under the delusion that he doesn’t like her parents. This may be totally untrue and he may be bogged down with the financial cost or whether he has enough vacation. Thus when the negative interpretations mount and help create an environment of hopelessness the attacked partner gives up trying to make himself or herself clear and becomes demoralized. Today divorce being so easy, couples throw in the towel too soon. Marriage takes commitment and trust, communication and faith. When two people in love say that ‘Love is blind’ they are usually correct. If the two of them are realistically going to need to work in order to provide for the household, it is equally unrealistic for her to expect to be provided for while she stays home to run the house as it is for him to insist that no wife of his is going to work. Denise, for example, wanted to pursue a career, but her husband Jeff, had a rigid, no wife of mine will ever work attitude. Denise did not confront Jeff. Instead, she became a hospital volunteer, which did not threaten his breadwinning image. Then she took some courses to help her in her volunteer work. With her improved qualifications she was hired part time and then offered a full time job. By this time Jeff could see that Denise was happier when working so he encouraged her and even boasted about his wife’s career. Denise was able to make Jeff realize her need but if one gets into a marriage believing that if you marry someone it will change them or if you love them enough things will work out, it will not, for you are demanding of you partner what you want not what he/ she requires. There are a variety of ways to help another: prayer, financial aid, an ear to listen and a shoulder to cry on. But do not enter a relationship where your sole purpose is to tend to the others troubles. A healthy marriage requires both husband and wife to bring 100% to the table. When one is always the giver and the other always the taker, trouble is on the horizon. Setting a good example yourself will bring in better results than demanding them. If you want to foster the quality of kindness, demonstrate your own kindness to others, if you are looking for courage, show that you can stand up to tough situations yourself. Marrying too soon is another main reason why marriages fail. People dont want to live out their lives in loneliness but it is always good to know the person before you pop the question. Lack of communication is a dreaded vampire of divorces. Your spouse is not God that he/she understands and knows what your mind is thinking about. It is always better to speak out. One wife described her marriage as empty and blamed her husband for failing to comfort her when their daughter died years ago. â€Å"I just wanted him to hold me close,† she said. She did not voice her need and though his need was the same he did not approach her.

Voices from Vietnam :: essays research papers

This reader’s rating for this book is average. It is a very well written book but it may not appeal to some people. If the reader was familiar with the war then this would be a wonderful book to read. This reader thought it was interesting but not as enthralling as it should be. The book was mainly made out of quotes or dialogue from the men in the war. This was a very different way of writing but it was interesting. Many of the veterans had interesting stories to tell and how it felt like to be in the war. Overall it was a book to consider if you’re into war stories. The things this reader likes about this book is that it was interesting in the fact that it had real stories from real veterans in the war. Some of the stories were explained in gruesome detail in which this reader thought was very disturbing. It is disgusting to know what happened to some of the Vietnamese and veterans during that war. What this reader also liked was how they explained the war while showing the opinions of some of the veterans. The least thing this reader liked about this book was that it didn’t keep you on the edge. Even though this was a war story it didn’t captivate me as much as I would have wanted it to. It became boring at parts when they explained how the war started and how the Chinese were trying to take control of Vietnam. What the author should have done was explain the war with minimum detail and have many comments from the people who were actually involved in it. In this reader’s opinion this book should be good for older people. Older people would understand the meaning of the war better and how it started. Also older people would probably find it interesting and actually want to read into it. Since older people have most likely lived during the Vietnam War they would appreciate this book much more than a teenager would. Voices from Vietnam is not even close to simple. With the exception of the dialogue the words used in the book were a little advanced for a teenager. This reader didn’t enjoy much of the book because of this reason. The book is also quite long since it explains the war and contains comments from the veterans.

Introduction to Distribution Management

Distribution Management Introduction to What do we mean by Logistics? †¢ Logistics concerns itself with the movement of the physical flow which begins with the source of supply and ends at the point of consumption. †¢ Logistics is also concerned with: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Plant and warehouse location Inventory levels Production scheduling Materials management Storage Customer order processing Inwards and outwards freight and †¢ Distribution channels. History of warehouse In early writings, man was described as having stored excess food and kept animals for emergency surplus. †¢ As civilization developed, local warehouses were introduced. Merchandise was stored in connection with shipping, trading, and manufacturing activities. †¢ When transportation branched out from local to cross-country, warehouses became more than local storehouses. †¢ The warehouses were located in the center of the city, usually close to the railr oad depot and the wholesale market district. History of Warehouse As the demand for storage space increased and land value rose, multistory buildings were erected to provide more storage space on minimum amount of land. †¢ Technology has created a highly specialized discipline that allows warehouses to store more per square meter, move stock faster and more accurately, and to know where everything is located. Discussion Connections Form groups randomly to think about the following questions: †¢ Some people say warehouse is a evil because it is totally a cost-adding activity. Do you agree? Describe the roles of the refrigerator in your home. What is the implications for the understanding of the value of warehousing. Why have a warehouse? †¢ Supply chain imbalances The supply chain connecting manufacturing with end consumers will never be so well coordinated that warehousing will be completely eliminated. How to increase the flexibility of warehouse operations through p rocess design, system selection and justification, and layout configuration is what we will try to study in the whole course. Why have a warehouse? High speed – zero defect supply chains Supply chain integration will lead to reduced inventory holdings along supply pipeline. The accuracy and cycle time performance pressures in warehousing are immense. Warehouse in the Supply Chain Value adding warehousing Major Types: Raw materials and component warehouse Hold raw materials at or near the point of induction into a manufacturing or assembly process. Work in progress warehouse Hold partially completed assemblies and products at various points along an assembly or production line. Finished goods Hold inventory used to balance and buffer the variation between production schedules and demand. Located near the point of manufacture Full pallets in and full pallets out Value adding warehousing Distribution warehouse and DC Accumulate and consolidate products from various points of manufacture within a single firm, or from several firms, for combined shipment to common customers. Located central to either the production locations or the customer base. Fulfillment warehouse and fulfillment center Receive, pick and ship small orders for individual consumers. Value adding warehousing Local warehouse Distributed in the field in order to shorten transportation distances to permit rapid response to customer demand. Single items are picked, and the same item may be shipped to the customer every day. Value-added service warehouse Serve as the facility where key product customization activities are executed, including packaging,labeling, marking, pricing, and return processing. Value adding warehousing Generally, the value of warehousing lies in that having the right product in the right place at the right time. Thus, warehousing provides the time-and-place utility necessary for a company to prosper. Importance of Warehouse Costs †¢ Warehousing is expensive †¢ Between 2 and 5 % of the cost of sales †¢ ROI emphasis puts pressure on warehouse costs †¢ Customer service emphasis can increase costs †¢ Challenge to increase service levels at the same time as reduci ng costs †¢ Focus on Productivity Accuracy efficiency Discussion Connections †¢ Use some examples to explain the customer service in logistics area? †¢ Why we need to emphasize it? †¢ What will be the possible elements of distribution activity which affect customer service. Warehousing Environment †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ E-commerce Supply chain development and partnering Globalisation Quick response Just in time Rising labour costs Increasing SKU population Increasing technology choices Warehouse Requirements †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Execute more, smaller transactions Handle and store more items Provide more product & service customization Offer more value added services Process more returns Receive and ship more international orders Warehouse Limitations †¢ Less time to process orders †¢ Less margin for error – requirement for exacting accuracy levels †¢ Difficulties in finding suitable staff †¢ Warehouse management system (WMS) capability / fit to requirement problems, or justification for ROI The Bottom Line Warehouses / distribution centers play an increasingly important role in the success or failure of business enterprises. Warehouse master planning methodology Warehouse master planning methodology †¢ Investigating warehouse operations through warehouse activity profiling and warehouse performance benchmarking. †¢ Innovating, optimizing and simplifying warehouse operations in receiving and put-away, storage, order picking, shipping, and material flow. †¢ Implementing new warehousing designs in computerizing warehouse operations, and humanizing warehouse operations. World Class Warehousing Profile – orders, item activity, process, customer †¢ Benchmark – performance – practices – operating infrastructure †¢ Innovate – streamlining – eliminating unnecessary activities – better ways of doing activities †¢ Automate – computerize and mechanize †¢ Humanize – involvement of warehouse peopletreat people the way you would like to be treated Warehouse Activities Warehousing Activities †¢ Receiving Accurate and speedy receipt of all materials coming into the warehouse Order accuracy/quality confirmation Disbursing materials to storage or other destination – cross dock Warehousing Activities †¢ Pre-packaging Converting bulk receipts into smaller quantities Warehousing Activities †¢ Put Away Placing products/packages/unit loads into storage It includes: Materials handling Product placement Location verification Warehousing Activities †¢ Storage Physical containment of products until required Storage method depends on the size and quantity of the items in inventory and the handling characteristics of the product or its container. Warehousing Activities †¢ Order Picking Process of removing products from storage to meet a specific customer demand The essential basic warehouse function around which most warehouse designs are based High impact on customer satisfaction Warehousing Activities †¢ Packaging and/or pricing Optional process after the picking process Normal where mail/ courier delivery is involved Involves protective packaging Prepricing at manufacturer or receipt into the warehouse inevitably leads to some repricing activity as price lists are changed while merchandise sits in inventory. Warehousing Activities †¢ Sortation Consolidation of the order into a total customer delivery Occurs where consolidation is not completed during the picking operation Warehousing Activities †¢ Unitizing & Shipping Including the following tasks: Checking order for completeness Packaging into shipping containers/ unit loads Preparing shipping documents ,including packing lists, address labels, consignment notes and bills of lading Weighing to determine shipping charges Accumulating orders by outbound carrier Loading trucks or containers Learning Objective Basing on the current situations in Chinese market to : Have an understanding of the role and function of warehousing & distribution in the total integrated logistics process Have a basic knowledge of the process of designing warehouse facilities Know the equipment options and their uses for storage and materials handling Be aware of the customer service implications and the customer order processing options. Learning objective Understand the importance of standards & performance measurement, and the opportunities presented by distribution information and warehouse management systems. Appreciate the potential and importance of electronic data interchange and automatic identification to distribution operation Be aware of the importance of human relations management to warehousing & distribution and understand the process of selection, training, motivation and communication in the physical distribution environment.

Study of Increasig the Number of Students to Class Timetables

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND STUDY During the research studies, I have observed some problem which is involves in KPTM KL. It is not only occur among the students, however the problem also faced by the staffs including lecturers. After I considered all the problems involving, I am so attractive to studies on the implication of increasing number of students to their class timetables. To start this, firstly I need to find the past research which is related to my studies and try to use it to guide me as long as my research is running. Therefore, I have chosen the review from Massachusetts 2020 which is studies on the effects of longer classes on learning. During my studies, I want to focus this research among the degree level students in KPTM†¦show more content†¦During my observation just now, I have found that the class timetable problems are encountered by the most of the students in KPTM KL. The increasing number of registered students every semester gives problem to the management of KPTM t o arrange the class timetable properly. They need to consider for the whole level of students in this college including diploma and degree students. With the increasing of students every semester, the facilities provided in the college including the classrooms, cafeteria, library, and computer laboratory are looks not enough to cover all of them. Even the number of all facilities is upgraded or added each semesters, it’s still not enough to give comforts for student to use it. As a result, the class timetable needs to arrange properly to ensure all students are fit to it. SCOPE OF THE STUDY My scope of the studies is exactly a student’s in KPTM KL. However, I more focus to run my studies among the degree level students. As a degree students, I am already faced the same problem. Over 100 from 673 of degree level students will be my respondent to complete my research during the next semester. I will select them randomly and try to collect as much as possible the useful information to cover my studies. My studies is focus more on the problem faced among degree students especially involving their class

The Genocide Of Rwanda s Tutsi Minority - 1783 Words

The 1994 genocide in Rwanda took place on the 7th of April, a day after the aircraft carrying the Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira, president of neighboring Burrundi was shot down. The 7th of April 1994 saw a succession of massacres across Rwanda. In 100 days, this state-led extermination campaign targeted at the Tutsi minority and â€Å"moderate Hutus† was orchestrated by specific, influential architects -Hutu hardliners of the Habyarimana’s inner circle. This power clique was accountable for the systematic annihilation of Rwanda’s Tutsi minority, an approximate of over half a million civilian lives. Although there are numerous misleading accounts of the genocide that are constructed on the notion that the†¦show more content†¦Pre-colonial Rwanda operated under a monarchical political system, controlled by the Tutsis. The terms Hutu and Tutsi originated from the social and economic distinction between farming and animal husbandry. In general, Tutsis were pastoralists of higher social standing, whilst Hutus were famers of lower social status; the categories were not determined and had variation within. If a Hutu acquired enough cattle, they could become Tutsi and vice versa . Due to German, and later Belgian, colonisers developed a structure of categories for different â€Å"tribes† that functioned of aesthetic impressions. In the 1930s, Belgian colonial officers introduced identity cards that labeled Rwadans according to their ethnicity. The colonisers had an impact on the manner in which power was allocated in the colonial system. Belgian colonisers practiced ind irect rule through the Tutsis, whilst treating them as a superior race, in the process cementing Tutsi dominance and increasing the arbitrariness and repression of local rule. In essence, under colonial rule, â€Å"race† became the central determinant of power; and consequently, â€Å"race† became a symbol of oppression. After World War II, Belgian withered under the newly established United Nations and thus introduced reforms that increased Hutu political representation. Henceforth seeing a new Hutu political class emerge and instigating the

Small Complex Financial Institutions Found Themselves Of...

Zhong Zheng Mark Sniderman, Ph.D. Econ 376 8th Nov 2014 Short Paper #3 Many large complex financial institutions found themselves of liquidity at the beginning of the crisis and as it progressed. I think they were surprised. The trigger for the liquidity crisis was an increase in subprime mortgage defaults, which was first noted in February 2007. The bank centered nature of the crisis made it harder than in the past for banks to attract deposits and provide liquidity to borrowers shut out of securities markets. Banks may not be able to provide liquidity in a financial crisis. The reason for this is that a bank-centered crisis may lead investors to concern about the safety of bank deposits, even with deposit insurance. Therefore,†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, AIG has been increasingly active in the credit derivatives business, including credit default swaps. AIG’s stock price fell more than 90 percent, capping off a large decline from the previous days in September 16, 2008. The AIG bailout was extended by a further 37 million in October and another 40 billion in November. An originate-to-distribute model of lending, where the originator of a loan sells it to various third parties, was a popular method of mortgage lending before the onset of the subprime mortgage crisis. This originate to distribute model had advantages over the old originate to hold model, where a bank originated a loan to the borrower and retained the credit risk. People believe that originate to distribute model of banking played a key role in the development of the financial crisis because instead of holding loans on banks’ balance sheets, banks moved to an â€Å"originate and distribute† model. Banks repackaged loans and passed them on to various other financial investors, thereby off-loading risk. Next, banks increasingly financed their asset holdings with shorter maturity instruments. This change left banks particularly exposed to a dry-up in funding liquidity. However, Gary Gorton has a different perspective. He believes that originate to distribute model claims that securitizations should not end up on bank balance sheets. There is no basis for his idea. In fact, there is an importantShow MoreRelatedThe Birth Of Structured Products3512 Words   |  15 Pagesgrowing demand for instruments that could hedge against one or more risks and that could give to the greediest investors exposure to markets that they could not enter into by themselves. Because of the recent history and wide variety of structured products, no standard definition exists. In general they are defined as â€Å"financial instruments with cash flows that depend on the value or performance of underlying assets or embedded derivatives† (Bennett, 2013, p.19). Their three main characteristics are:Read MoreRise and Fall of Lehman Brothers11214 Words   |  45 Pagescourse, for Financial Market and Regulatory Systems Submitted to: Submitted By: Mr. P.K. Jain Parinita Jhawar (261) Mr. Sharad Kothari Romi Kansara (267) Faculty in-charge Sanjana Khanna (268) M.B.A.-M.B.L. (III Sem) ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION In an increasingly interdependent financial world the recent Global Economic Crisis has had a cascading effect on the economies across nations. The crisis also impactedRead More2008 Financial Crisis - Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac3431 Words   |  14 PagesYear 2008 to 2009 is an interesting and dramatic time for the financial markets, which marks the beginning of the financial tsunami that went on for a long period of time. First we have Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae taken over by the US Treasury, which is one major event contributing to the subprime mortgage crisis. Then we have the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers which Mamudi (2008) reported to be one of the largest bankruptcy filing in US history with Lehman holding over $600 billion in assets. ThenRead MoreBFF5050 Essay4822 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿Executive summary Westpac as the oldest financial institution in Australia operate their business widely. The company expands their core markets of Australia, New Zealand and Pacific around them, where provide a wide range of products and services that meet the needs of customers. Until now, the number of customer members arrived at 12 million customers. It is clear that Westpac would increase the position in financial market. Table of Content Executive summary 1 1. History 3 1.1 AcquisitionsRead MoreCamel Rating in Banking12128 Words   |  49 Pages10312 Uyen Dang The CAMEL rating system in banking supervision. A case study Andreas Stenius Banking supervision has been increasingly concerned due to significant loan losses and bank failures from the 1980s till now. In the light of the banking crisis in recent years worldwide, CAMEL is a useful tool to examine the safety and soundness of banks, and help mitigate the potential risks which may lead to bank failures. The research has been conducted as a case study of American International AssuranceRead MoreEurope Economic Crisis55278 Words   |  222 PagesISSN 0379-0991 Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses EUROPEAN ECONOMY 7|2009 EUROPEAN COMMISSION The European Economy series contains important reports and communications from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament on the economic situation and developments, such as the Economic forecasts, the annual EU economy review and the Public ï ¬ nances in EMU report. Subscription terms are shown on the back cover and details on how to obtain the list of sales agentsRead MoreChile And The Us Banking Industry9279 Words   |  38 Pages The present working paper is referred to the analysis of some â€Å"financial benefits† that banking institutions would be receiving as Too Big to Fail (TBTF) banks. The request is whether those institutions are constantly subsided from governments or it is merely a hypothetical idea. For those purposes, it is analyzed the Chilean banking industry to disclose the implicit subsidy in the South American country. In order to answer the posited questions, first it is cited some similarities between ChileRead MoreSingle vs Multiple Financial Regulators12736 Words   |  51 PagesSINGLE Vs. MULTIPLE FINANCIAL REGULATORS An analysis of the financial regulatory systems followed around the world By: Sudharsan S Sandeep Kumar Natharali Razvi Vijay PJ Natarajan P Neeraj Kannoth (118) (110) (32) (59) (31) (106) INTRODUCTION Financial systems and financial regulators are entities setup by the government of a country to ensure the availability and flow of financial resources in a fair and lawful manner without exploitation or monopolization of the resource by individualsRead MoreFinancial Benefits Of Banks : Some Chilean Lessons9549 Words   |  39 PagesWORKING PAPER â€Å"Financial Benefits in TBTF Banks: Some Chilean Lessons† Boston University Center for Finance, Law Policy SUBMITTED BY Mauricio Benitez Research Fellow, BU Center for Finance, Law Policy FACULTY MENTOR Cornelius Hurley Director, BU Center for Finance, Law Policy Professor of the Practice of Banking Law September 8th, 2015 ABSTRACT The present working paper is referred to the analysis of some â€Å"financial benefits† that banking institutions would be receivingRead MoreShadow Banking29874 Words   |  120 Pagesclassification: G20, G28, G01 Abstract The rapid growth of the market-based financial system since the mid-1980s changed the nature of financial intermediation in the United States profoundly. Within the market-based financial system, â€Å"shadow banks† are particularly important institutions. Shadow banks are financial intermediaries that conduct maturity, credit, and liquidity transformation without access to central bank liquidity or public sector credit guarantees. Examples of shadow banks include finance

Business process re engineering Free Essays

string(93) " provide the direct access through the website of the shipment information to its customers\." Introduction A management approach concerned at making the improvements and developments to the business by raising the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes that exist within and across the organisations. The key for an organisation to success the business process reengineering is to look at their business processes from a clean slate prospect in order to determine how they can improve and better build these processes to lead their businesses. THE IMPACT OF BPR ON AN ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE The people and the processes are the foundation of any organizations and business process reengineering renovates an organization in ways that directly affect performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Business process re engineering or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the individuals are motivated and working hard, than the processes of the businesses are manageable and the nonessential activities remain, the execution of organization will be poor. The key to transforming how people work is business process reengineering, which becomes visible to be minor changes in processes and can have dramatic effects on cash flow, the delivery of the service and the satisfaction of the customer. The best technique to map and improve the organization’s procedures is to take a top down approach, and not undertake a project in isolation. Beginning with mission statements, which define and describe the purpose of the organization, what it apart from others in its sector or an industry. Producing vision statements which define where the organization is going, to provide a clear picture of the desired future position. Establish these into a comprehensible business strategy, which derives thereby the objectives of the project. Defining behaviours, which makes possible for the organization to obtain its goals. Produce the key power measurements to seek out progress. In relationship of the efficiency improvements to the culture of the organization. Identifying initiatives that will improve performance. CONCEPT OF BPR The concept of BPR generally includes the use of computers, information system and Information technology to organize data, project trends, etc. Many large companies are giving high importance to software integration, they want to build strong links between business systems and make information flow better and avoid to access data stored in multiple systems. Let us take an example, suppose a person wants to place an order over the internet. An integrated software solution take that order, shift it and allocate them to the manufacturing plant on one hand and place order for the raw materials on the basis of the stock, update the financial position of the company with respect to suppliers and the inventory on the other hand and so on. Different names have been given by the people to the integration of ERP, SCM, BPR and CRM. These names include e-business, c-business, m-business and KM etc. There are many softwares that do these integration activities. To name a few software these are known as Baan, Fourth Shift, Frida, JD Edwards One World, Manage 2000, Masterpiece – MP/Net, Micro strategy, Oracle e-Business Suite, People Soft and SAP R/3. ADVANTAGES OF BPR It locates the customer at the midpoint of the organisation. It helps to reorganize business functions, identify the core activities and processes as well as inefficient or obsolete ones. It helps them to focus on overall corporate objectives and promotes greater staff involvement. It reduces the new product development and process activity times and can condense the response of the customer as well. It can lead to `quantum leap’ improvements and developments in business results–if planned and implemented carefully. It can improve the current industry position, an inefficient and reorganize business processes and can make them the industrial leader. DISADVANTAGES OF BPR It is more suited to products and services that involve logical sequences in production. It may be less suitable for highly variable processes. It may require a high level of investment in IT and requires good teamwork and a high degree of planning and implementation expertise. It can be seen as a real threat to jobs. Success is not automatically guaranteed. ROLE OF IS/IT FUNCTION IN BPR Top management must have the full support to BPR to succeed. The leader must be willing to â€Å"drive† change, even to the point of ruthlessness, if resistance is encountered. â€Å"Although, BPR has its roots in IT management, it is primarily a Business Initiative that has broad consequences in terms of satisfying the needs of customers and the firm’s other constituents†. (Davenport Stoddard 1994) The IS/IT group may need to play a behind-the-scenes advocacy role; convincing senior management of the power offered by IT and process redesign. It would also need to incorporate the skills of process measurement, analysis, and redesign. It is essential to differentiate between information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) to understand the role that information systems play in today’s business environment. IT is the term employed to describe the hardware of computer, the software, and the tools of infrastructure of network – in other words, technology itself. IS describes the broader prospect in which IT is employed by the management to create and the systems of support which make it possible for the organization to chase and achieve its strategic goals. When discussing IS, it is important to consider all three of its dimensions: IT, management, and organizations. As a practical matter, it should be noted that the terms IT and IS are often used interchangeably, particularly by those who are not directly involved in the IS or IT field. Information technology is persistent in all the organizations and society as a whole. Businesses are based on IT and telecommunications to achieve their day-to-day goals. In fact, the collection, storage, and retrieval of data and information are both more sophisticated and more ordinary than they have ever been. The information which a company gathers about its procedures of management is a valuable tool of resource for planning.The organizations are able to create and implement new strategies by the innovative use of existing information technologies and systems of information. For example, FedEx upgraded its parcel tracking system to provide the direct access through the website of the shipment information to its customers. You read "Business process re engineering" in category "Essay examples" This upgrade reduced the cost to provide the service to the customers and simultaneously increased the quality and the availability of the service. This example shows the possibilities of IS while adopting new strategies. IT PROCESSES AND DEVELOPMENT Today, we find a great number of advances in the IT’s has being employed in the companies. In one way, the remarkable advances in personal computers and the communications make it possible to employees to work outside the office while still being always connected to the office. The employees can work of the house or other places. The communication systems of multi-media, which send and receive audio and video signals, help us by making decisions by employing the email, the transfer of file, or the videoconference. The techniques of computer-aided design/manufacture/technology (CAD/CAM/CAE) take account of the design of products, manufacture, and the coordinating activities of technology. By gaining new IT tools, it enables companies to gain important advantages such as: 1) Cost savings, improvement and recovering the accuracy of exchanging information. 2) Avoiding inherent human errors so complex and repetitive tasks are used. 3) Saving money because it reduces errors and the time it takes to accomplish tasks. 4) Integrating and coordinating several functions immediately. 5) Improving the effectiveness and the effectiveness of organization by elimination delay, the administrative intermediaries, and the unessential stages of transformation and by providing a better access to information. The environment of today quickly requires companies to develop and offer the products which will satisfy the needs for customers. The companies cannot be able to do this if they apply processes with many stages and rare collaboration. Consequently, this environment forces a change of the processes of businesses to the mediation reduced by device and increased collaboration. To diminish the degree of mediation and increase the degree of collaboration, Firstly companies must reduce the degree of mediation in processes. That is, they must convert processes with a great number of stages of intermediary of processes which take part directly in the final results. The IT’s that make this modification easy might be: 1) Shared databases: Different functions are allowed to take part directly by employing information stored in the data bases. Each function can approach, write, or recover the information of this data base the moment when it is necessary. 2) Imaging technology: Several people may work at the same time on a digitalized image of documents or graphics. 3) Electronic data exchange and electronic funds transference. Furthermore, shared computing resources make it possible for different functions to have access to information at any time. Second, the companies must increase the degree of collaboration in the processes so that the implied functions share information. IT that makes the collaboration easy among the different people can be technologies of communication. These allow the transfer of information by using tools such as the email, the videoconference, and the File Transfer Protocol. IMPORTANCE OF IS/IT IN BPR All organizations would like to grow and extend. In order to reach this growth and prosperity, organizations place long-term goals. Their roles as a financial manager are to be helped to develop the organizational strategies which facilitate and obtain those goals. The future growth and prosperity of any organization is essential in an effective management and use of information technology (IT) and information systems (IS). In today’s organizations, the vast majority of the data to support organizational activities and decisions comes from IS, which incorporates IT, data and information, and business procedures. Organizations with poorly designed information systems face numerous problems. Consider the case of the Hershey Foods Corporation, which found it unable to effectively ship candy for the Halloween season following the implementation of a new computer system. The company faced a 19% drop in profitability because of this problem. Yet at the same time, organizations that effectively design and manage their information systems can gain tremendous benefits. A recent study by Jeanne Ross and Peter Weill found that organizations that effectively manage their IT decision making experience financial performance levels about 20% higher than those with less effective IT management. IS/IT should not be used as a cure-all for organizational problems because technology can create as many problems as it solves if it is not understood properly and its applications are not actively managed. The key to developing a good strategy to achieve an organization’s goals is to build well-designed and well-managed systems. CONTRIBUTIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IS contributes to organizational goals when people use data, information, and information technology through a set of procedures. IMPACT OF IS/IT IN AN ORGANIZATION All medium to large organisations depend on information technology (IT) for their continuous survival. Consider organisations like British Gas, British Telecom, the Power and Water companies having to manually calculate, millions of customer bills every month or quarter. Similar opinion applies to many other organisations such as the high street banks, central and local government. A recent article in the Daily Telegraph IT supplement suggested that many large organisations could last no longer than 24 hours without IT support! There should be a little wonder that attitudes to the development of information systems have changed over the years from an ad hoc almost cavalier approach to a professionally managed, disciplined, planned, and engineering approach. IT can prove to be useful during the process of redesign and reengineering analysis. The graphics software and the tools of CASE can produce the charts of process maps, the spreadsheets and the costing software take account of the analysis of the cost activity-based, the data base can track the satisfaction and the complaints of the customers and display boards of E-mail of â€Å"lamp-shade† can be introduced to capture suggestions of the employees. Moreover the E-mail and the groupware can facilitate the communication and coordination through the geographical and organizational barriers. It is recommended that during the process of implementation stage, companies follow these basis rules: Recognize that IT is only part of the solution: it allows managers to collect, store, analyze, and communicate and distribute information better. Cut and paste the IT tools needed. Bring in an internal or external IT expert: their knowledge, skills, intelligence, and experience are invaluable. After implementation, continually monitor IT performance and keep up with new IT developments. Mentioned below are some examples of the companies experience that show the role and implementation of IS/IT in business process redesigning To exhibit the advantages of BPR, Ford Motor was chosen by Hammer [1990]. By applying the data bases shared in the process of accounts payable, which includes the purchase, receiving, and the accounts payable, Ford reduced its labour of the employees by 75 percent. Hewlett-Packard changed the functioning model of its salesmen. Using the portable computers, they were connected to the data base of the inventory of the company. They obtain the information of period on time, activate and apply directly for promotions, changes of the prices, or discounts. Pointless to say, their time devoted to the customers has increased by 27 percent and sales, of 10 percent. When Citibank transformed its system of analysis of credit by reducing paper dispensation, it obtained an increase of 43 percent at time devoted to gather new customers. The credit of IBM took two weeks to finish a claim of financing because there were five stages to the process. By redesigning the process and while making take part the general practitioners who work with data bases and telecommunications networks, it takes now only four hours. LIMITATAIONS TO TECHNOLOGY There are limits to what a technology may accomplish. For example, when the video conferencing technology of communication became the first time available, much were excited about the prospect to employ the visual communication to finish the need for business trip, or reduce-the least substantially it. While there is no question which the visual communication can be employed for some aspects of communication of businesses, it did not finish the need for travel, partly because of the nature slightly limited of the medium and the human desire for the contact head to head. Still another, and really undefeatable, the question which limits the use of the video conferencing communication is physical distance and the notion of the time zones. Consider a situation where a senior executive in Vancouver tries to arrange a video conference with sales offices in Eastern Canada, Europe, and in Asia. Taking account of the time zones, there is no overlapping time of covering during the normal working hours which will allow parts in these four geographical regions to meet. CONCLUSION To be successful, business process reengineering projects need to be top down, taking in the complete organization, and the full end to end processes. It needs to be supported by tools that make processes easy to track and analyze. BPR is a methodology by which important improvements are obtained, although it requires big changes in organization and work style. This involves the need to change or even increase working styles, job functions, needed knowledge, and organization values. Reengineering requires long-time dedication, resources, and effort. These are made easier by using elements called enablers. Its role is crucial because it allows a company to alter processes in two ways: collaboration grade increase and mediation grade decrease through the implementation of shared databases and communication technologies. So, IT may help companies to obtain important improvements on variables such as costs, quality, and delivery time. Although these are not the only important elements, also bear in mind structural changes, company culture, and human resources. How to cite Business process re engineering, Essay examples